The New Frontier of Workplace Monitoring: Emotional Surveillance and Its Implications for Organizations

Abstract: Organizations increasingly deploy emotion AI technologies—also called affective computing—to monitor employee sentiment, engagement, and affect in real time. Proponents argue these tools enhance productivity, well-being, and operational insight; critics warn of privacy erosion, psychological harm, and algorithmic bias. This article examines the organizational and individual consequences of emotional surveillance, synthesizes evidence on its accuracy and efficacy, and outlines research-informed strategies for responsible deployment. Drawing on organizational behavior research, AI ethics scholarship, and industry examples across healthcare, retail, education, and technology sectors, we propose a framework emphasizing transparency, procedural justice, scientific validation, and participatory governance. Leaders must balance legitimate business interests with employee dignity, autonomy, and psychological safety to build workplaces that are both high-performing and humane.

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